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On 11 February 2022, EMA’s safety committee, PRAC, recommended that the marketing authorisations for hydroxyethyl-starch (HES) solutions for infusion should be suspended across the European Union. These products were authorised as an addition to other treatments for plasma volume replacement following acute (sudden) blood loss.

The safety of HES solutions for infusion was reviewed in two separate procedures in 2013, and a number of restrictions and measures to minimise the risk of kidney injury and death in certain patients (those critically ill, with burn injuries or with sepsis, a bacterial infection in the blood) were put in place at the time.

As a result of a third review conducted in 2018, the use of HES solutions for infusion was further restricted to accredited hospitals, and healthcare professionals prescribing or administering the medicines had to be trained in their appropriate use. Additionally, further warnings were introduced in the product information to remind healthcare professionals that these medicines must not be used in patients with sepsis or kidney impairment or in other vulnerable patients such as the critically ill. These measures were put in place to ensure that HES solutions for infusion were not used in patients who were at increased risk of harm. Companies marketing HES solutions for infusion were also requested to conduct a drug utilisation study to check whether these restrictions were adhered to in clinical practice, and to submit the results of this study to EMA.

The PRAC reviewed the results from this study, which show that HES solutions for infusion are still being used outside the recommendations included in the product information. The Committee concluded that the further restrictions introduced in 2018 have not sufficiently ensured that the medicines are used safely, and that HES solutions continue to be used in certain groups of patients in whom serious harm has been demonstrated.

Since adherence to the set of measures agreed in 2018 was a condition for the safe use of HES solutions for infusion, and the study has shown this has not happened, the benefits of these medicines are no longer considered to outweigh their risks. The PRAC explored the possibility of introducing additional measures to ensure HES solutions are used according to the product information but concluded that there were no other measures, or combination of measures, that would be feasible and sufficient to protect patients.

In view of the serious risks that certain patient populations are still exposed to, the PRAC therefore recommended the suspension of the marketing authorisations for HES solutions for infusion in the EU.

The PRAC recommendation was sent to the Coordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised Procedures – Human (CMDh), which adopted its position on 23 February 2022.

Information for patients

• HES solutions for infusion are replacement fluids given to patients who have lost blood following injury or surgery.
• EMA is recommending these medicines be removed from the EU market in view of the serious risks (kidney injury and death) in certain patients (for example those who are very ill or have blood poisoning).
• Other treatment options are available.

Information for healthcare professionals

• The marketing authorisations of HES solutions for infusion are being recommended for suspension because of the risk of kidney injury and death in certain patient populations, including critically ill patients and patients with sepsis.
• Despite the introduction of contraindications and warnings in 2013 and further measures in 2018, the latest drug utilisation study shows that HES solutions for infusion continue to be used outside the recommendations included in the product information, which still exposes certain patient populations to serious risks.
• As no other feasible and effective measures to minimise the risks could be identified, EMA is recommending HES solutions for infusion be suspended from the EU market to protect patient health.
• Treatment alternatives are available and should be selected according to relevant clinical guidelines.

A direct healthcare professional communication (DHPC) will be sent to relevant healthcare professionals in due course. The DHPC will also be published on a dedicated page on the EMA website.

More about the medicine

HES solutions for infusion were authorised for the management of hypovolaemia (low blood volume) caused by acute blood loss where treatment with alternative infusion solutions known as ‘crystalloids’ alone is not considered to be sufficient.

HES solutions belong to a class of medicines known as colloids. Besides blood products, there are two types of medicines used for plasma volume replacement: crystalloids and colloids. Colloids contain large molecules such as starch, whereas crystalloids are solutions of low molecular weight substances and include saline and Ringer’s solutions.

In the EU, HES solutions for infusion were authorised via national procedures and are available in several Member States under various trade names.

(ΑP)